Daily Dosage:

RDA 50-200 mcg

Supplementary Ranges: 200 mcg

Toxicity: not known

Augmenting Nutrients:

None known

Anti-Minerals:

Insufficient protein, iron excess, processed foods, refined carbohydrates, repeated pregnancies

Animal Sources:

Calves liver, chicken, clams, dairy products, meats, oyster, seafood

Plant Sources

Apples, brewer's yeast, black pepper, fresh fruits, grapes, green leafy vegetables, honey, legumes, mushrooms, nuts, potatoes, raisins, root vegetables, whole wheat & rye cereals

Bodily Parts Affected:

Adrenal glands, brain, blood, circulatory system, heart, immune system, liver, white blood cells

Bodily Functions Facilitated:

Blood sugar level maintenance, glucose metabolism (energy), protein production

Deficiency Symptoms:

Disturbed amino acid metabolism, increased serum cholesterol, impaired glucose tolerance, lack of energy, myopia, protein/calorie malnutrition, susceptibility to infections

Therapeutic Applications:

Arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cholesterol (high), heart disease, hypertension, hypoglycemia, mental illness, multiple pregnancies